GH-49231: [C++] Deprecate Feather reader and writer

[tadeja]

Rationale for this change

See #49231. Deprecate the Feather reader/writer and point users to the Arrow IPC file API.

What changes are included in this PR?

ipc::feather::Reader::Open, ipc::feather::WriteTable and the WriteProperties struct marked with ARROW_DEPRECATED, pointing users to ipc::RecordBatchFileReader and ipc::MakeFileWriter.
Deprecation warnings supressed at the internal call sites: feather.cc, feather_test.cc, the R binding r/src/feather.cpp (R deprecation is in #49276), and the GLib binding (GLib deprecation is in #49673).

Are these changes tested?

-Werror build of arrow-feather-test passes locally.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No functional change, compile-time deprecation warning for feather::Reader::Open, feather::WriteTable or feather::WriteProperties.

• GitHub Issue: [C++] Deprecate Feather reader and writer #49231

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #49231 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[pitrou]

+1, just a couple comments

[pitrou]

I think it's too late for 25.0.0 as it has been branched by @raulcd already, so you'll have to change all these mentions to 26.0.0 :)

[tadeja]

Done, I've changed all to 26.0.0.

[pitrou]

Also add a ARROW_DEPRECATED macro, or does it just not work here?

[tadeja]

Ok! Added ARROW_DEPRECATED on WriteProperties with commit 59f79c1 and that needed extra suppressions for GCC warnings for default argument in WriteTable and member definition WriteProperties::Defaults(). Also needed for GLib as seen failing on my fork CI job (I couldn't get jobs to run on pr manually, might be because of #50293)